Multispectral imagery for detection and monitoring of vegetation affected by oil spills and migration pattern in Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

Oil spills in the Niger Delta area can be detected and monitored using this novel technique. Landsat 5 8 images were used to assess various vegetation stress, such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Soil Adjusted Atmospheric Resistant Green Near Infrared Short-wave Infrared, from spill site 2019, non-spill (1992 pre-oil spill) 2020 post-oil events, respectively. There is a substantial difference (p-value <0.005) conditions at Spill Site terms of NDWI, SAVI, ARVI2 G-NIR G-SWIR. NDVI, ARVI2, G-NIR, G-SWIR, very significant between pre-spill event post-spill <0.005). The oil spills' migration patterns flow directions indicate north south along runoff water SRTM data. sentinel 1 data revealed visualization flooded areas, including surfaces that are stable around pipelines surroundings, calibration threshold RGB band method distinguish areas permanent bodies. This was map affected by on land bodies for proper environmental assessment before during flood environment. Multi spectral imagery therefore veritable tool detection, response monitoring pipelines.